水分胁迫对日光温室葡萄叶片生理变化及果实发育的影响.pdf

2020 2 28 2 Chinese Journal of Eco Agriculture Feb 2020 28 2 265 271 51769001 51569002 31560552 E mail zhangrui E mail niuzr 2019 11 01 2019 12 18 This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51769001 51569002 31560552 Corresponding author E mail zhangrui Received Nov 1 2019 accepted Dec 18 2019 DOI 10 13930 ki cjea 190734 J 2020 28 2 265 271 NIU Z R ZHAO X ZHANG R WANG W T WEN W Effects of water stress at different growth stages on leaf physiological changes and fruit development of grape in greenhouse J Chinese Journal of Eco Agriculture 2020 28 2 265 271 牛最荣 1 赵 霞 1 张 芮 1 王旺田 2 温 文 1 1 730070 2 730070 为探究鲜食日光温室葡萄高效节水生产的水分管理方式 选取日光温室 6 a 生葡萄 红地球 为试验材 料 以充分灌溉为对照 CK 土壤含水率为 75 100 的田间持水率 f 分别在萌芽期 新梢生长期 开花 坐果期 果实膨大期 着色成熟期设置土壤含水率为 55 f 其他 4 个生育期为 75 100 f 的 5 个水分胁迫 处理 调查叶片超氧化物歧化酶 SOD 活性及膜质过氧化物丙二醛 MDA 和脯氨酸 Pro 含量 果实纵横径 果 实硬度 单粒重量和产量 研究日光温室葡萄叶片生理和果实产量对水分胁迫的响应机制 结果表明 在果实 膨大期 着色成熟期施加水分胁迫均会显著降低葡萄叶片 SOD 活性和 Pro 含量 导致 MDA 含量大量积累 对 叶片产生不利影响 在萌芽期 新梢生长期 开花坐果期进行水分胁迫对葡萄叶片 SOD 活性 Pro 含量影响 不大 但对叶片 MDA 含量的影响具有滞后效应 果实膨大期水分胁迫葡萄产量仅为 14 830 kg hm 2 较 CK 和萌芽期 新梢生长期水分胁迫显著减产 20 以上 因此 水分胁迫显著降低果实膨大期 SOD 活性及渗透调 节物质含量 增加膜质过氧化物含量 并导致产量降低 该时期不宜进行亏水处理 生长前期的水分胁迫对葡 萄叶片的生理和果实的影响不显著 葡萄 水分胁迫 生育期 叶片生理 果实发育 日光温室 S275 9 OSID Effects of water stress at different growth stages on leaf physiological changes and fruit development of grape in greenhouse NIU Zuirong 1 ZHAO Xia 1 ZHANG Rui 1 WANG Wangtian 2 WEN Wen 1 1 College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 China 2 College of Life Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 China Abstract Gansu Hexi Corridor is one of the main grape producing areas in China In recent years the greenhouse cultivation improved the price of table grape and farmers income However as a high water demand economic crop grape has been affected by drought in Hexi Corridor The key to solve the contradiction between grape planting and shortage of water resources is to promote the water saving and efficient production mode of grape cultivation In order to explore the efficient water management mode and water saving production of table grape in greenhouse the experiment was conducted in a 6 year old vineyard with water stress the 266 2020 28 soil moisture was controlled at 55 to 75 of field water holding capacity at budburst stage its duration was 14 d shoot elongation stage its duration was 20 d flowering fruit bearing stage its duration was 11 d fruit enlargement stage its duration was 72 d and coloring maturity stage its duration was 97 d respectively while the other stages was at full irrigation the soil moisture content was up to 75 100 of field water holding capacity And the full irrigation during the whole growth period of grape was set as the contral treatment CK The activity of superoxide dismutase SOD contents of malondialdehyde MDA and proline Pro as well as fruit diameter hardness of fruit single fruit weight and yield were observed which were used for study the response mechanism of grape leaf physiology and fruit yield to water stress The results showed that the SOD activity and Pro content of grape leaves were significantly reduced by water stress at fruit enlargement stage and coloring maturity stage The MDA content of grape leaves was also significantly increased by water stress during the above two long growing stages which had a negative effect on grape leaves The water stresses at budburst stage shoot elongation and flowering fruit bearing stages had no significant effects on SOD activity and Pro content of grape leaves significantly impacted MDA content of grape leaves The yield under water stress at fruit enlargement stage was 14 830 kg hm 2 which decreased by more than 20 compared with CK and treatments of water stress at budburst stage and shoot elongation stage Therefore the water stress during fruit expansion stage in greenhouse significantly decreased SOD activity and osmoregulation substances contents increased MDA content and led to yield decrease of grape In Gansu Hexi Corridor it was not suitable to apply water stress at fruit expansion stage for greenhouse grape The water stress in the early growth period had no significant effect on the physiology of grape leaves and fruit Keywords Grape Water stress Growth stage Leaf physiology Fruit development Greenhouse Vitis vinifera L 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MDA 11 Pro SOD SOD MDA Pro 1 材料与方法 1 1 2014 2016 100 26 E 38 56 N 1 482 7 m 125 mm 2 047 9 mm pH 7 8 1 47 g cm 3 22 8 13 7 g kg 1 32 04 mg kg 1 27 8 mg kg 1 1 137 4 mg kg 1 1 2 6 a red globe 8 m 80 m 8 m 4 m 2 267 1 1 3 L h 1 50 cm 1 3 5 5 6 29 14 d 5 30 6 18 20 d 6 19 29 11 d 6 30 9 9 72 d 9 10 12 15 97 d CK 5 1 55 12 4 75 1 Ti 5 3 18 1 CK T1 T5 1 CK T1 T5 100 80 100 cm 20 cm 7 d 1 3 2 2 3 表 1 不同水分胁迫处理葡萄不同生育期土壤水分下限 占田间持水率的百分比 Table 1 Lower limits of soil water content at percentage of field capacity at different growth stages of grapes under different w a t e r s t r e s s t r e a t m e n t s Growth stage Treatment Water stress period Bud burst stage Shoot elon gation stage Flowering fruit bearing stage Fruit enlarge ment stage Coloring maturity stage T1 Bud burst stage 55 75 75 75 75 T2 Shoot elongation stage 75 55 75 75 75 T3 Flowering fruit bearing stage 75 75 55 75 75 T4 Fruit enlargement stage 75 75 75 55 75 T5 Coloring maturity stage 75 75 75 75 55 CK No water stress 75 75 75 75 75 1 4 2016 3 a 5 2 3 MDA Pro 13 SOD 14 15 5 6 mm GY 1 kg cm 2 kg hm 2 1 5 Excel 2013 SPASS 19 0 2 结果与分析 2 1 SOD SOD 2 SOD SOD SOD CK T4 T5 SOD CK P 0 05 SOD CK SOD CK T4 T5 CK P 0 05 SOD T3 P 0 05 T1 T2 T5 CK SOD CK P 0 05 CK SOD T5 SOD T2 T3 T4 CK CK 84 96 P 0 05 268 2020 28 表 2 不同生育期水分胁迫处理对日光温室葡萄不同生育期叶片 SOD 活性的影响 Table 2 Effects of water stress at different growth stages on SOD activities of grape leaves at different growth stages g g 1 FW h 1 Growth stage T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 CK Bud burst 101 99 11 22ab 108 51 5 00ab 97 97 0 56ab 94 50 2 18b 91 59 9 57b 116 05 4 09a Shoot elongation 26 77 2 40bcd 20 04 0 50cd 22 23 0 48bcd 40 06 6 02ab 51 16 5 39a 14 67 2 25d Flowering fruit bearing 79 21 9 35b 79 01 6 94b 3 62 1 24c 116 16 5 66a 77 83 0 93b 108 71 3 13a Fruit enlargement 50 13 4 73bc 31 12 4 55c 29 43 5 83c 43 83 4 43bc 71 99 6 13b 105 15 11 51a Coloring maturity 38 55 3 41bc 41 96 7 02ab 60 08 5 84ab 53 30 2 47ab 10 28 2 94c 68 35 10 33a T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 CK P 0 05 The water stress periods of T1 T2 T3 T4 and T5 treatments are bud burst shoot elongation flowering fruit bearing fruit enlargement and coloring maturity stages respectively CK is the control treatment without water stress Different lowercases in the same line indicate significant differences among treatments at 0 05 level 2 2 MDA 3 MDA 3 MDA MDA 3 T1 MDA CK P 0 05 T2 MDA T1 T3 T4 CK P 0 05 T4 MDA T1 T3 T5 P 0 05 T5 MDA T1 T2 T3 T4 P 0 05 表 3 不同生育期水分胁迫处理对日光温室葡萄不同生育期叶片 MDA 含量的影响 Table 3 Effects of water stress at different growth stages on MDA contents of grape leaves at different growth stages g g 1 FW Growth stage T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 CK Bud burst 6 23 1 69a 6 21 1 95a 8 41 1 64a 7 09 0 89a 7 14 0 37a 8 57 0 25a Shoot elongation 30 69 2 86a 21 29 3 18ab 23 96 2 52ab 27 83 2 39ab 27 83 3 39ab 15 28 1 76b Flowering fruit bearing 14 52 2 42c 27 41 2 86a 11 50 0 46c 22 45 0 58bc 24 60 1 72ab 14 83 0 32c Fruit enlargement 17 06 0 20cd 23 52 2 42abc 19 56 2 68bcd 29 77 4 22a 14 00 1 60d 26 66 1 52ab Coloring maturity 9 35 1 41b 9 44 0 77b 9 28 0 55b 9 97 0 55b 12 25 0 30a 10 97 0 45ab T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 CK P 0 05 The water stress periods of T1 T2 T3 T4 and T5 treatments are bud burst shoot elongation flowering fruit bearing fruit enlargement and coloring maturity stages respectively CK is the control treatment without water stress Different lowercases in the same line indicate significant differences among treatments at 0 05 level 2 3 Pro 4 Pro 4 Pro 2 14 d 11 d Pro T2 T4 Pro CK 28 97 29 84 P 0 05 T5 Pro T2 表 4 不同生育期水分胁迫处理对日光温室葡萄不同生育期叶片脯氨酸含量的影响 Table 4 Effects of water stress at different growth stages on proline contents of grape leaves at different growth stages g g 1 FW Growth stage T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 CK Bud burst 5 94 0 92a 5 12 0 24a 7 50 1 93a 5 03 0 61a 6 41 0 26a 6 08 0 12a Shoot elongation 4 63 0 79b 7 61 0 81ab 6 65 0 92ab 8 31 0 35a 6 75 0 70ab 5 04 0 52ab Flowering fruit bearing 8 87 1 26a 6 44 1 28a 5 68 1 02a 5 35 1 12a 5 78 0 74a 5 35 1 21a Fruit enlargement 6 94 0 73ab 5 76 0 44b 6 09 1 58ab 5 69 0 20b 6 48 0 25ab 8 11 0 34a Coloring maturity 7 78 0 79ab 8 52 0 60a 6 78 0 20ab 7 97 0 29ab 5 20 0 71b 5 58 1 09ab T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 CK P 0 05 The water stress periods of T1 T2 T3 T4 and T5 treatments are bud burst shoot elongation flowering fruit bearing fruit enlargement and coloring maturity stages respectively CK is the control treatment without water stress Different lowercases in the same line indicate significant differences among treatments at 0 05 level 2 269 2 4 5 5 T1 T4 CK P 0 05 T4 T1 CK T5 T4 T4 CK 19 98 P 0 05 T1 T2 表 5 不同生育期水分胁迫处理对日光温室葡萄果实物理特性和产量的影响 Table 5 Effects of water stress at different growth stages on physical properties of fruits and yield of grape Treatment 橫 Fruit transverse diameter mm Fruit longitudinal diameter mm Fruit shape index Fruit hardness kg cm 2 Weight of single grain g Yield kg hm 2 T1 19 6 0 5b 21 6 0 4c 1 10 0 02a 7 31 0 43a 7 01 0 38b 18 965 1 698a T2 19 8 0 2ab 21 8 0 2bc 1 10 0 02a 7 32 0 43a 7 12 0 41b 19 010 1 193a T3 20 9 0 5ab 22 9 0 2ab 1 10 0 03a 7 27 0 70a 7 43 0 33ab 17 047 719ab T4 19 6 0 4b 21 0 0 4c 1 07 0 00a 7 31 0 63a 6 64 0 17b 14 830 1 021b T5 21 1 0 8ab 23 2 0 6a 1 10 0 02a 5 31 0 42b 7 32 0 61ab 18 022 991ab CK 21 3 0 3a 23 7 0 3a 1 11 0 00a 7 24 0 09a 8 30 0 15a 18 534 1 157a T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 CK P 0 05 The water stress periods of T1 T2 T3 T4 and T5 treatments are bud burst shoot elongation flowering fruit bearing fruit enlargement and coloring maturity stages respectively CK is the control treatment without water stress Different lowercases in the same column indicate significant differences among 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