丛枝菌根真菌和有机土基质栽培对甜椒根际微生物分子多态性的影响

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus andOrganic Substrate on the Molecular Diversity ofMicrobes in Sweet Pepper Rhizosphere underProtected CultivationChaoxing HE*, Linchuang WANG, Zhibin ZHANGInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaSupported by the National Key Technology RTechnically Assisted by the Key Laboratory of Horticultural Genetic Improvement of theMinistry of Agriculture.*Corresponding author. E-mail Received December 12, 2011 Accepted April 8, 2012AAgricultural Science Organic soil substrate; Denaturing gradientgel electrophoresis; Microbial diversity; Sweet pepperSoil microorganisms are the keycomponent of soil. Act as thepromoters in transationand recycling of soil organic mattersand energy, soil microorganisms areinvolved in the decomposition of soilorganic matters, the ation of soilhumus and recycling soil nutrients.The structure and activities of soil mi-crobiota not only determine the fertilityand quality of soil, but also link to theproductivities of plants growing onthem[1]. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophore-sis PCR-DGGE is a novel molecular provides faster and more ac-curate analysis and comparison of mi-crobiota variation than the convention-al plate culture [2]. DGGE tech-nique can effectively separate DNAsequences with the same molecularweight but different base sequences.Researchers have investigated thestructure of soil microbiota using PCR-DGGE, for example, some studieshave been taken to understand theenvironmental, spatial and temporalvariation of bacterial populations[3].Protected vegetable cultivationand production has recently gainedrapid progress in China which stronglyguarantees the year-round vegetableprovidence. However, the protectedvegetable cultivation in China is facingsome constraints which affect the sus-tainable development of the industry,such as the low productivity, con-straints caused by the continuouscropping, imbalance in soil microbiota,soil secondary salinization, etc. Duringthe previous years, the application ofsome organic cultivation techniques inprotected vegetable production inte-grated with the straw and manure re-turning into the field. With these tech-niques, problems in protected cultiva-tion, e.g. soil crust, frequent epidemicof soil-borne diseases, continuouscropping constraints and undergroundwater pollution, are partly solved. Fur-thermore, these techniques can alsoimprove the quality of vegetables andsave the cost of production[4]. Othertechniques, such as inoculating veg-etable seedlings with some beneficialsymbiotic microorganism, integratedwith the organic protected cultivation,can increase the vegetable productivi-ty,improve the quality of the agro-products, and decrease the offertilizers and chemicals. Consequent-ly, they show their significance in envi-ronmental protection and improvementof economic value[5]. On this basis, thisstudy was designed to elucidate theeffects of these new techniques on thediversity of soil microbiota. The currentstudy was to investigate the moleculardiversity of soil microbiota in the sweetpepper following different soil treat-ments of arbuscular mycorrhizal fun-gus inoculation untreated soil as thecontrol. The results were used to un-derstand the variation of microbialstructure after application of organicmatters and arbuscular mycorrhizafungus.DOI10.16175/ki.1009-4229.2012.05.042AgriculturalScience however the number of clonesobtained was notably changed. Thetreatments also changed the structureof bacterial population with somespecies absent or present in compari-son with the control. In the organic soil,there appeared to be more not closelyrelated bacterial populations than thecontrol soil. It also favored the growthand reproduction of some dominantspecies. Such results might be due tothe fact that organic soil had improvedsoil quality, and high organic mattercontent and humus, which provided afavorable condition for the growth ofmicroorganisms. Treatments with fun-gal inoculation caused the increase ofbacterial species; among them weresome new species. Some specieswere disappeared in those treatmentsand the abundance of some universalbacteria was increased. Suggestedfrom the previous reports, such varia-tion might be related to the interactionsof arhusclar mycorrhiza on host plantsfor plant growth and disease resis-tance, e.g. the increase and abun-dance of some effective microorgan-isms[11,13,24,25,27,28], the decrease and ab-senceofsomepathogenicbacteria[15-20].Judged from the similarity analysis, itwas concluded that the soil type hadmore influence on the diversity of rhi-zosphere microbiota than G.M inocu-lation, and the control soil with G.M in-oculation had stronger effect on the di-versity variation than the organic soil.Some consistent changes in microbialpopulations occurred for both types ofsoil after G.M fungi inoculation and thesimilarity of soil microbiota of two soiltypes was increased.Comprehensively, from theDGGE analysis on the rhizospheremicrobiota diversity in soils from differ-ent treatments, the bacterial diversityand population structure was affectedby organic soil cultivation andarhusclar mycorrhiza fungi inoculationwith some bacterial species were in-creased or decreased or their abun-dance changed. Further studies werestill needed to clarify the specific bac-terial species significantly influencedand their effects on crop yield. Suchstudies would be helpful in the de-velopment and utilization of some1025AgriculturalScienceTechnologyAgricultural Science Technology Vol.13, No.5, 20122012Responsible editor Ze LIU Responsible proofreader Xiaoyan WUnovel microbial agents and microbialfertilizers.References[1] ZELLES L. Fatty acid patterns of phos-pholipids and lipopolysaccharides in thecharacterisation of microbial communi-ties in soil a review [J]. Biology andFertility of Soils, 1999, 29 111-129.[2] TORSVIK V. Microbial diversity and fun-ctioninsoilfromgenestoecosystems[J].Curr Opin Microbiol, 2002, 5 240-245.[3] NAKATSU CH. Soil microbial communi-ty analysis using denaturing gradientgel electrophoresis[J]. 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Jiangsu Agricultural Sci-ences江苏农业科学 , 2009 1 284-285.1026AgriculturalScienceTechnologyVol.13, No.5, 2012 Agricultural Science Technology2012华中神农箭竹更新幼龄地下茎伸长规律研究王 玲，李 昆，孟银萍，赵丽雅，李兆华*（湖北大学资源环境学院，湖北武汉 430062）摘 要 [目的 ] 探讨华中神农箭竹更新幼龄地下茎的伸长规律 。[方法 ]在神农架国家自然保护区内凉风垭设置样地，选取六丛独立生长的神农箭竹作为研究样本，测量各龄级地下茎长度与直径，地下茎龄级采用倒逐龄法确定 。[结果 ]通过样地调查研究，可以发现在神农箭竹的幼苗期，地下茎随时间序列快速延长，呈指数曲线增长 。研究结果表明，克隆更新的神农箭竹幼苗虽然无性繁殖生长了 15 年，但是此新世代的种群还未达到稳定状态 。[结论 ]该研究通过对神农箭竹地下茎伸长规律的探索，以期为掌握此物种生长周期的基本特性提供理论支持 。关键词 神农箭竹；克隆生长；地下茎；曲线拟合；神农架基金项目 国家自然科学基金（ 31070370） 。作者简介 王玲（ 1987-），女，湖北襄阳人，硕士研究生 , 从事植物生态学研究， E-mail wlk_。* 通讯作者 。收稿日期 2012-02-02 修回日期 2012-03-12Responsible editor Qingqing YIN Responsible proofreader Xiaoyan WUlation 实心狭叶方竹种群的生物量结构与地下茎生长规律研究 [J]. Journal ofForest Research森林研究杂志 , 2009,22 662-666.[8] LI ZH, DENICH M, BORSCH T. Effectsof bamboo Fargesia murielae on plantdiversity in fir forest on Mountain Shen-nongjia [J]. 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Investigationand Analysis on Und