2010—2022年中国农业温室设施空间格局及变化趋势.pdf

2010 2022年中国农业温室设施空间格局及变化趋势 孙 燕1 2 袁一心2 葛恒军2 蒋非非2 邹 铭2 陈 浮2 1 南京农业大学公共管理学院 南京 210095 2 河海大学公共管理学院 南京 211100 摘 要 设施农业是农业现代化的重要支柱 温室作为核心载体 对提升产业效益 优化区域布局和调节作物茬口等方 面作用显著 针对国家尺度的温室设施多时相空间格局研究存在空白 该研究运用空间自相关 标准差椭圆等方法揭示 2010 2022年中国农业温室设施时空格局 特征及变化趋势与时空变化 结果表明 1 2010 2022年全国农业温室设 施呈 总量翻番 高等级倍增 西部崛起 多极并进 的新格局 农业温室设施面积从555 460 hm2跃升至 1 295 480 hm2 17 000 hm2的大规模县级单元由3个增至8个 无农业温室设施的县级单元从1 620个减至985个 2 2010 2022年全局莫兰指数由0 27 缓降至0 23 温室设施空间上仍呈轻度集聚 但整体趋于离散 高 高集聚区单 元数先减后增 低 低集聚区单元数则持续扩大 3 2010 2022年全国农业温室设施总体呈扩张态势 但不同时段差 异明显 2010 2016年呈现普遍快速增加 2016 2022年快速增加单元减少 部分单元呈现适度减少 2010 2022年 全国农业温室设施空间重心从山东平原移至河南卫辉 农业温室设施的海拔和坡度分布总体基本不变 但趋于变大 该 研究结果深化了全国农业温室设施时空格局动态演变的认识 可为设施农业发展规划及管理决策提供科学依据 关键词 温室设施 空间格局 设施农业 标准差椭圆 空间自相关 doi 10 11975 j issn 1002 6819 202502077 中图分类号 S127 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1002 6819 2025 18 0291 09 孙燕 袁一心 葛恒军 等 2010 2022年中国农业温室设施空间格局及变化趋势 J 农业工程学报 2025 41 18 291 299 doi 10 11975 j issn 1002 6819 202502077 http www tcsae org SUN Yan YUAN Yixin GE Hengjun et al Spatial pattern and evolutionary trends of agricultural greenhouse facilities in China from 2010 to 2022 J Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Transactions of the CSAE 2025 41 18 291 299 in Chinese with English abstract doi 10 11975 j issn 1002 6819 202502077 http www tcsae org 0 引 言 近20年中国经济社会取得了长足发展 人民群众生 活水平不断提高 膳食结构已从相对单一的粮菜型向谷 蔬 肉 蛋 奶 油等多元化结构转变 多样化食物需 求带动了设施农业迅猛发展 温室设施是其最主要的类 型 它不仅为农作物提供舒适 可控的生长环境 减少 季节 气候等自然因素对生产的限制 1 还能为农户带 来更高的种植收益 优化农业产业结构 促进乡村振兴 和共同富裕 2 2023年6月9日 农业农村部等四部 委联合公布 全国现代设施农业建设规划 2023 2030年 国家计划进一步扩大设施种植规模 2030 年设施蔬菜产量提升至40 设施渔业养殖水产品产量 提升至60 然而 一些地区涌现以发展农业温室设施 名义大搞 大棚房 建设 破坏耕地 甚至非法占用永 久基本农田 2018年农业农村部与自然资源部印发 关 于开展 大棚房 问题专项清理整治行动坚决遏制农地 非农化的方案 的通知 坚决遏制农地非农化 因此 精准掌握全国农业温室设施 greenhouse facilities FGH 空间格局及变化可为管理部门提供技术支持 有效推进 中国式农业现代化和高质量发展 切实加强耕地保护 农业温室设施利用透光 保温材料或结构调控温度 通风 灌溉等作物生产环境 实现高效生产的多季连续 种植农业设施或建筑 包括日光温室 单体大棚 连栋 大棚等形式 不同于结构简单 塑料覆盖的普通棚或塑 料小拱棚 其环境调控能力弱 主要用于季节性作物种 植的临时性设施 目前 国内外关于农业温室设施的研 究主要包括温室设施的识别提取 3 6 生态及经济效应 7 9 工程建设与环境控制等 10 13 传统农业温室设施占地面 积主要依靠抽样调查 统计上报等传统方法获得 工作 流程复杂 调查周期长 人为干预多 导致数据生产效 率低 主观性强 实时性差 14 随着对地观测技术发展 精准 快捷地取得农业温室设施的空间分布及动态变化 成为可能 李宗南等 1 基于Landsat 8影像分别提取了云 南省陆良县设施种植区和江苏省常州市塑料大棚的空间 分布信息 于津伟 15 基于Sentinel 2影像提取了辽宁处 省庄河市塑料大棚的分布信息 然而 中低分辨率影像 中 同物异谱 和 同谱异物 现象较为普遍 导致判 读错误或遗漏 可能影响分类精度 高分辨率影像具有 更多的地物细节信息 便于捕获更细小的目标和边界的 优势 黄振国等 16 基于HJ 1遥感影像目视解译提取山 东省寿光市塑料大棚信息 吴锦玉等 17 基于GF 2影像 收稿日期 2025 02 17 修订日期 2025 06 27 基金项目 国家社科基金重大项目 23 2 School of Public Administration Hohai University Nanjing 211100 China Abstract Facility agriculture with greenhouse facilities as its cornerstone serves as a critical driver of agricultural modernization by enhancing productivity optimizing spatial allocation and mitigating phenological constraints Despite its strategic importance systematic analyses of the spatiotemporal evolution of greenhouse facilities distributions at the national scale remain limited hindering evidence based policymakin This study employs spatial autocorrelation and standard deviation ellipse methods to analyze the distribution dynamics of China s agricultural greenhouse facilities from 2010 to 2022 to provide data support for national level facility agriculture planning management and policy formulation The results show that 1 From 2010 to 2022 China s agricultural greenhouse facilities exhibited a new pattern characterized by doubled total coverage multiplied high density clusters western expansion and multi polar development The greenhouse facilities area surged from 55 5460 hm2 to 1 295 480 hm2 with an increase of 133 The number of Class V counties increased from 3 to 8 Class IV counties increased from 6 to 30 and Class III and Class II counties also increased while the number of Class I counties without greenhouse facilities decreased from 1 620 to 985 2 The global Moran s I index declined from 0 27 to 0 23 during 2010 to 2022 indicating that although greenhouse facilities still show a mild clustering trend the overall distribution was becoming more dispersed The number of high high clustering units initially decreased and then rebounded There were 125 high high clustering units in 2010 mainly were located in Shandong and Liaoning decreased to 105 in 2016 and increased to 127 in 2022 with the increase concentrated in Yunnan The number of low low clustering units continued to expand from 526 to 761 mainly were located in the central and western provinces such as Sichuan Hunan and Guangxi Policy guidance market demand and resource endowment together drove the shift of the pattern of agricultural greenhouse facilities from the dual core pattern in the east to stable in the east rising in the west and multi polar development 3 From 2010 to 2022 China s agricultural greenhouse facilities showed an overall expansion trend though with notable variations across different time periods From 2010 to 2016 the dominant trend was rapid increase with 41 32 of counties experienced growth rates exceeding 80 mainly distributed in Hebei and Shanxi Only 8 06 of counties experienced rapid decreases mainly in Yunnan and Anhui From 2016 to 2022 due to the stricter policies the number of counties with trend of rapid increase decreased and the hotspot was shifted to Yunnan and Henan The number of counties with trend of rapid moderate decrease increased to 751 mainly in Shanxi and Guangdong with contraction were observed in Shandong and Hebei The spatial centroid shifted from Pingyuan County Shandong Province to Weihui City Henan Province with a movement of 177 07 km to the west and 196 96 km to the south The long axis of the standard deviation ellipse increased by 188 21 km from 2010 to 2016 and by 130 59 km from 2016 to 2022 indicating a slowdown in the speed of expansion Meanwhile 99 47 of greenhouse facilities were distributed below an altitude of 2 000 meters and 97 38 of greenhouse facilities were distributed on slopes below 4 The proportion of greenhouse facilities in the altitude range of 1 500 2 000 meters had increased from 1 83 to 9 25 and those on slopes above 4 increased from 1 68 to 3 86 indicating that greenhouse facilities were steadily penetrating higher gradients and more complex terrains These findings deepen the understanding of the dynamic of the spatial and temporal patterns of China s agricultural greenhouse facilities and can provide scientific support for the planning and management decision making Keywords greenhouse facilities spatiotemporal pattern facility agriculture standard deviational ellipse spatial autocorrelation 第 18 期孙 燕等 2010 2022年中国农业温室设施空间格局及变化趋势299